Climate Services Information System

The WMO Climate Services Information System (CSIS) is the principal mechanism through which information about climate – past, present and future – is routinely produced, archived, analysed, modelled, exchanged and processed.

The CSIS is the “operational core” of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), the United Nations-led initiative spearheaded by WMO to support the production and delivery of authoritative climate information products through appropriate operational mechanisms, technical standards, communication and authentication. CSIS guides the development and application of science-based climate information and services in support of decision-making in climate-sensitive sectors, such as agriculture and food security, water resources, energy, disaster risk reduction and health.

The core functions of the CSIS includes:

• Climate data,
• Climate monitoring,
• Climate prediction,
• Climate projection, and
• User-targeted climate information.

The operationalization of CSIS is organized as a three-tier network arrangement of global, regional and national providers, which carry out the CSIS functions at their respective levels. CSIS entities together ensure that climate information and products are generated, exchanged and disseminated, covering the entire space-time continuum from global to local and from past to the future:

• At global level, a range of advanced centres produce global scale climate information,
• At regional level, a network of entities regionalizes global scale climate information, and
• At national and local levels, the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and their partners are committed to providing greater added value in their national and local context to inform decision-making across a wide range of socioeconomic sectors.

In addition to generating and providing climate information and services, the CSIS facilitates interaction between the providers and users of climate services to ensure a two-way information flow through User Interface Platforms (UIPs) at the regional and national scales.
 

Figure 1: CSIS Implementation

WMO entities that support CSIS

At global level

• Global Climate Monitoring Centres  provide key inputs to generate climate indicators to describe the status of the global climate. These indicators are reported in flagship global products of the CSIS, such as the WMO State of the Global Climate reports and the Global Seasonal Climate Update (GSCU).
• Global Data Centres: operate within the World Data System. They focus on geophysical systems, including climate-related systems.
• Global Producing Centres for Long-Range Forecasts (GPCs-LRF) are responsible for issuing global seasonal forecasts that are primarily used by the Regional Climate Centres (RCCs), the Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) and NMHSs. More information: WMO Global Producing Centres for Long-Range Forecasts.
• Global Producing Centres of Annual to Decadal Climate Predictions (GPCs-ADCP) produce hindcast, forecast and verification data of annual to decadal timescale predictions. The WMO Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Prediction (LC-ADCP) collects and provides access to this data and regularly issues the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Updates (GADCU) based on data from the GPCs-ADCP and other contributing institutions.
• Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is a project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) that contributes to global climate change projections. It supports national and international assessments of climate change, including those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

At regional level

• Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) are centres of excellence that create regional climate products, including long-range forecasts that support both regional and national climate activities.
• Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) and Regional Climate Forums (RCFs)s are platforms that bring together national, regional and international climate experts and stakeholders from countries in a climatologically homogenous region to provide climate predictions based on input from NMHSs, regional institutions, WMO RCCs, GPCs-LRFs and other climate prediction centres.
•  Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) projects aim at advancing and coordinating the science and application of regional climate downscaling through global partnership. CORDEX is a crucial resource for RCCs to fulfill their highly recommended functions on climate change projections.

At national level

• National Climate Outlook Forums (NCOFs) and National Climate Forums (NCFs) provide opportunities for focused discussions on the significance of climate outlooks, risk information, and warnings for decision-makers in specific sectors and broader community.

WMO partners that support CSIS

While CSIS entities are largely comprised of WMO-designated centres and NMHSs, other international climate centres closely cooperate with WMO structures and programmes and provide valuable inputs to CSIS operations. These are:

• Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S),
• International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), and
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Climate Centre (APCC)

Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)